Back to The Future 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Back to The Future 1 - Essay Example Marty and George in 80s represented a different type of relations in the unhappy family. Relations of Marty and George after his trip to 50s became friendlier and their family turned into a successful one. This research paper is focused on relations between a father and a son. The most interesting thing is that a son changes a life of his father and not a father changes a life of his son, as it usually happens. It is appropriate for Robert Zemeckis to project his relations with his father on his films (Thomson 2002, p. 958). A great director was oppressed by his father, because the latter did not believe in his creative potential. Therefore, a model of relations between Marty and George reflects commonly the relations of Zemeckis and his father. Zemeckis grew up in the suburbs of Chicago and was lacking of art. Robert wanted to take his parents' 8 mm home movie camera and delve in the fascinating world of cinema. His desire to go to a film school was intensified after Robert watched the â€Å"Bonnie and Clyde† film. Cinema was an enchanting world for a young boy, who wanted to change his daily routine into a fairy tale. Characters of the film From the very beginning of the film the audience is intrigued by a character of Doc Brown, who is introduced through the number of newspaper articles about his bankruptcy, which are aired on the radio and discussed in TV news. There are also many other trifles, which introduce Doc Brown’s character. This man is supposedly a scientist or an amateur inventor. It is evident that inventions of the scientists were not appreciated by the society. Plutonium was stolen by Doc Brown in order to power his time machine. So, there is so much about this scientist, but who is he and which role does he play in the film? Actually, a young boy entering the house of Doc Brown is Marty and his father’s name is George. Doc Brown is a prototype of Marty’s father, a kind of an ideal person, to which this boy feels a great affection and is attracted by his interesting life. It is possible to suppose that Robert Zemeckis expressed his desire for art in his childhood and a character of Doc in this film embodies desirable features of his father. Moreover, Doc is inspired with technology and Robert in his childhood was enchanted by television. Marty came to Doc to have a rest from his blue-collar environment, and Robert Zemeckis looked for such place of aesthetic pleasure while watching films. Marty is lacking of attention of his father and wants to find an opportunity to penetrate into the depths of George’s ideas. Doc gives him a chance to get acquainted with the past of his father and mother. When a magnificent time machine starts working, Marty has an opportunity to go back to 1955 to help his father to live a better life and not the one he has. It should be noted that Robert Zemeckis develops not only an interesting plot of relations between Marty and George, but also paints a pathetic p icture of psychological development of Marty. In his juvenile age in 50s he became his father’s rival and wanted to fight for his mother’s heart. There is no even a hint of Oedipus complex, relations between Marty and George happen at different level. Relations between a father and a son are developed as compensating ones: Marty gave an opportunity for his father to overcome his fears in the past and

Prosecution and Judicial system on Witches Essay Example for Free

Prosecution and Judicial system on Witches Essay The central Europe was full of panic and rumors about witch and witchcrafts during it early modern period. Witch-hunt dragged the society into conducting trials so as to torture and even death or execution to those who are believed to be a part of the witch crafting practices. About this statement, it is stated that the rate of women who are executed or those who are believed as witches are mostly on females (Levack). As Levack wrote to his observations data, the age of the women inclined in witchcraft were those who are older than that of a 50 year-old. He also conducted a survey on regional studies and figured out that there were indeed estimated about 110,000 witch trials (Levack). Levack paid his focus on the recorded conducted trials instead of focusing on the executions made. He explained that among all those trials for the witch cases, there have been about 48% which definitely resulted into execution that makes about 60,000 of witches who died (Levack). Levack stated that this prosecutions and torture-making were made for the alleged practices of doing a believed harmful magic and that people on those period believed that witch’s practices is done to worship the darkness or the devil (Levack). In Levack’s book, he mainly focused on the events where the witch-hunting started. He explained that that witch-hunting is an act in which certain hunters hunt those individuals who are believed to be involved in a certain magical secret kinds of activities (Levack). Levack discussed that the main cause of this hunting activity is the multi-casual approach, which sought the innovation of new ideologies about such witches and the changes is judicial system. These two innovations brought severe changes in religious aspect and also aroused a lot of tension to the society (Levack). The ideology of the hunts are based on such that witches were the individuals who had a certain pack with the devil therefore they are involved in such practices that is considered as barbaric. Witchcraft is conceptualized as an evil act into which the power and magic came from the devil whom they worship as everyone believes (Levack). According to Levack’s discussion through his work, certain individuals would sell their own souls to Satan in order to obtain a good life or which they considered as the gift of well being. In addition to this, witches are believed to have a Sabbath where they tend to give praise and worship to the devil. They are also said to be an organization which people believed in of doing infanticide incest practices (Levack). Another that contributes to the basis of the hunters is the idea that witches do fly, this idea or belief came from the people’s assumption that witches fly in order to attend to their Sabbath meetings without being noticed (Levack). The kind of prosecution made in England and the role of women being the witnesses is considered as a process of cultural complexity according to Holmes. He discussed that the popular beliefs are the harmful factors which implies that a certain woman is involved in witchcrafts (Holmes). The elites in the year 1563 created a system of prosecution against witchcrafts. The victims then had the opportunity to prosecute their assailants through the constructed systematical procedures of the judicial court (Holmes). According to Holmes, there are two distinctive ways for a certain witness to testify as a victim of witchcrafts such as they could directly testify that they are possessed into which they would say that they are controlled by the devil through the crafts of the witch and secondly, assumed victims could report sought physical searches that will be an evident or proof of the witch’s connection with the devil (Holmes). In both ways the accused will be subjected into the belief that she is indeed a witch and is inclined with witchcrafts. This is supported by theologians and lawyers who state that women are more susceptible or vulnerable of temptation which will cause them to tend to involve themselves to a pact with the devil (Holmes). In addition to this, Clive Holmes said that the women witnesses rose up from 38 to 53 percent during the last existing years of Queen Elizabeth. This indicates that women are the ones who contribute actively in creating negative reputations among others by making gossips (Holmes). Discussion As the hunt went through continuously in the 16th century, the system of jurisdiction reduced clerical means of jurisdiction and focused more on the secular concerns. The reason for this change is the definition of the witchcraft as a mean of secular crime (Levack). These said factors led to a high rate of witch hunting in Scotland hence other countries obtained a reduction in the number of cases to be prosecuted because of the ecclesiastical means of jurisdiction over the crime (Levack). There were said to be complex types of hunts which is brought during the time where witch-hunts were made in Europe, the small hunts in Europe basically focuses on seeking for malefactors, the medium type consists of at least five to ten victims, and the large hunts consists about ten to hundred witches which caused an explosion of panic and hysteria (Levack). According to Levack, there are there are four certain relatively factors to this witch-hunt. The first one depends on the nature of the witch beliefs in a certain place or region with the consideration on the strength to which they were being held (Levack). The second factor is the intensity of hunts. It is explained that not all countries execute torture method. Lastly, is the extent where the central judicial officers have their control to each trial (Levack). Conclusion In my own understanding witch-hunt, malice accusations, tortures, and executions are not justified by the early England period’s basis which is considered gossips or hearsays. I am not convinced about the foundation of the witch-hunt act because they do not provide an accurate reason or evident for them to do such an act against a certain person who is accused of being witch. Basing on Holmes’ work, a certain witness could just testify that a certain person is a witch and therefore make that person be subjected to court trials, another is that whenever a person testify that the accused is having a certain mark or physical searches which will prove that she is a witch then she is believed to be a witch and will also be subjected to trials or worse is execution. This kind of basis as the primary foundation in witch-hunting is generally an immoral act and a lack-of-evidence case into which people experienced hysteria and panic for a reason that is not reliably true or considered as alleged case. Therefore the explanations about the reasons of the outburst of witch-hunting is definitely cruel, lack of consideration, and inhumane act against fellow human beings who are accused but unproved of being a witch and practicing certain witch acts. Works Cited Holmes, Clive. Women: Witnesses and Witches Witch-Prosecutions in Early Modern England. 1993. Kaplan, Steven Laurence. Understanding Popular Culture: Europe from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century. 1984. Levack, Brian P. The Witch-Hunt in Early Modern Europe 2006. Sharpe, J. Instrument of Darkness: Witchcraft in England 1550-1750.

Gender Inequality in Business

Gender Inequality in Business In todays business world, there has been a lot of change in the number of women participating in the labor force. For the past years, the number of women in the workforce rises dramatically. Unfortunately, women are still being treated lower than men when comparing their wages, and gender inequalities in the workplace have been very considerable. Women continue to earn considerably less than men, even though they are in the same occupations as men. Most of them dont have convincing reason why they are paying less to women; the only reason clarification that can be given for this income gap is discrimination. Gender preconceptions in the workplace are erroneous assumptions and should not be continued because women are just as efficient as men are in doing a task and gender equality is beneficial to workplaces. As a female myself, I genuinely advise women to prepare to address the challenges and prepare to meet a few challenges to their success. In recent decades, women have graduated from college in greater numbers than men. Therefore, it would seem that there are women who are as qualified as men if not more. Women should not be treated as less than men, mainly when they have the same potential and knowledge to do work as the men. According to a 2015 study by Institution For Womens Policy Research showed that, on average, female full-time, year-round workers made only 80 cents for every dollar earned by men, a gender wage gap of 20 percent. This record seems unfavorable for women when both males and females are doing the same amount of work for the workplace. I personally think that to have women who get paid less than men is illogical, acknowledging the fact that women are earning more degrees. I think the gender discrimination in the workplace is not only leaving women jobless, but also affecting the business that could gain more benefit from educated and passionate women. Gender inequality in the workplace is the main reasons why womens jobs often have lower pay and status. Women are less probably to have higher paying professional, technical, and managerial jobs. Women usually have a much greater representation in secretarial and service positions. They outnumbered men in office jobs in, even though a relatively small percentage of women are in the labor force. For so many reason women are less likely to be promoted to the job with a higher wage, even if they are qualified the same as the men. Part of this inequity is accounted for by the responsibilities that women have at home. Family and home commitments often limit the time, and energy women can devote to work, which makes them appear less committed or competent than men, who can spend more time at their jobs. To start a new job with gender inequality in the workplace could significantly affect womens motivation to achieve their task in a correct way. I advise to women beginning a career in business to develop negotiation skills stand to speak out against the gender discrimination for their benefit and others. As an employee, they should have to understand the law in place to prevent discrimination in the workplace. An example is an equal pay, discrimination based on their gender. Negotiation is a part of daily life whether we are aware of it or not, we all negotiate for the thing we want. For example, people may negotiate to get higher salaries, better service, and for so many different reasons. In most case women afraid to negotiate, because they believe that there will be a social backlash against them. However, negotiation skills help to ensure that all parties are equally advantaged from the inequality that occurs. Always women have to prepare for any negotiation. One of the keys to any negotiation is to do research on the issue in order to develop your strategy. I advise that women should improve their negotiating skills by practicing objectivity. I encourage women to do some research about the job that gets offered before they accept the job. We all know many companies pays less money for women than men for doing the same job. First, research the market and be aware what your skills and knowledge are worth. The more knowledge or information you get from you research will help to you to decide wisely and will also give you the chance to become a better negotiator. The second thing I would like to advise is to speak out loud against the gender discrimination. I believe women are naturally gifted for networking and skilled in building communities. Today, many people use social media for different purposes, and it seems to play a crucial part of peoples lives around the world. I think many women can use the social media to promote the discrimination and business at lower cost with high target impact. In conclusion, gender inequalities in workplaces are rough in contemporary society and are illogical. Numerous studies support that women are capable of doing a task as well as a male can, and even performing better than them. There are so many reasons that show that the issue of gender discrimination in the workplace is significant and negatively impacting. One of the disadvantages working in a place with gender inequality could have a high impact on womens motivation. Second, gender discrimination or inequality in the workplace could affect the effectiveness of the companys corporate. Therefore, to solve gender discrimination in the workplace, everyone has to take responsibility. Womens have to develop their negotiation skill and to speak out loud for their right. Further, Companies should give the opportunities equally to everyone without any isolation.

Iron Absorption From The Whole Diet: Comparison Of The Effect Of Two D :: essays research papers fc

Iron Absorption from the Whole Diet: Comparison of the Effect of Two Different Distributions of Daily Calcium Intake Hypothesis - If a woman distributes her daily intake of calcium by having less of it in her lunch and dinner meals and more in her breakfast and evening meals, then this would reduce the inhibitory effects calcium has on heme iron and nonheme iron absorption. Background Information - This experiment is one of many that addresses calcium’s inhibitory affects on iron absorption. In 1994, the Consensus Development Panel in Optimal Calcium Intake suggested an increase of the current Recommended Dietary Allowances of calcium(Whiting, p.77). This goal of this increase was to aid in the prevention of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Unfortunately, this attempt at prevention could have an adverse affect on the human body’s ability to absorb iron.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Recent studies have shown that eating a normal daily allowance of calcium cuts iron absorption by as much as 50-60%(Hallberg et al. p.118). Other studies examine the affect of iron bioavailability on menstruating, pre- menopausal, and post-menopausal women(Rossander-Hulten et al and Gleerup et al). One of the fears of an increased amount of calcium intake is the increased possibility of anemia in women who are already susceptible to this condition. The iron inhibition by calcium is a classical example of how the correction of one nutritional problem can be the cause of another.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The physiological mechanism of this calcium-iron relationship remains a mystery, however there are two feasible theories. One states that calcium competes for an iron binding site on intestinal epithelial cells. It is believed calcium binds to the protein mobilferrin on the epithelial cells, which is the iron transport protein(Whiting, p.78). Another group of scientists theorizes that iron is able to be transported into the epithelial cells without problem, however the iron then has trouble getting into the blood stream. The presence of calcium inhibits iron’s ability to leave the epithelial layer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another very interesting theory is not on the microscopic level but in the evolutionary plane. Eaton et al. state that one possibility for this phenomenon could lie in the Homo sapiens genetic ancestry. As little as 200 years ago humans had almost double the amount of calcium intake as they do in the present, because humans evolved in a high-calcium nutritional environment. With the decrease in calcium, there has also been a large decrease in physical activity(Eaton et al.). The inhibitory effect of calcium on iron absorption could be related to the low intakes of iron and calcium in conjunction with the present low-energy lifestyle(Glerrup et al. p. 103). Terms - Extrinsic radioisotopic iron tracer - Radioisotopes of iron (59Fe and 55Fe)

National Bureau of Economic Research Essay

Go to the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) Web site, http://www. nber. org, and select New Working Papers. In the Google search space, type â€Å"alcohol. † Use the titles and summaries of the papers to answer the following questions relating to elasticity: (a) Do the mentally ill have perfectly inelastic demands for cigarettes and alcohol? Elasticity helps us define the relationship of changes in price and incomes to the effect of supply and demand. The question posed is: do the mentally ill have perfectly inelastic demands for cigarettes and alcohol? First, we must define what perfectly inelastic demand is. As defined by our textbook, a perfectly inelastic demand is one in which price change results in no change whatsoever in the quantity demanded. This is further defined as an extreme case. After reading a paper written by Henry Saffer and Dhaval Dave in 2002, the conclusions were rather convincing. When mental illness is not factored into price elasticity for cigarettes and alcohol, it is determined that raising the price of these addictive goods will lower the demand for them. The paper shows that mental illness raises the consumption of these addictive goods by 94% and 25% respectfully. Further, the test for elasticity was performed with this specific group in mind. It was determined that mental illness had no substantive effect on the price elasticity of cigarettes and alcohol. With this in mind it is easy to draw the conclusion that the mentally ill do not have perfectly inelastic demands for cigarettes and alcohol. Reference Working paper 8699 Mental Illness and the demand for alcohol, cocaine and cigarettes by Henry Saffer and Dhaval Dave. b) Does alcohol consumption increase in bad times? Before reading this article and looking at the question presented in front â€Å" does alcohol use increase in bad times? ’’ you would quickly determine that logically the answer is yes. With simple knowledge of alcohol intake one would be provoked to think alcohol in bad times can be used as self-medication to the lack of income. We have all seen that famous scene where a stressed individual will order numerous shots of hard liquor to ease their sorrow, but nevertheless with all that simple knowledge the answer to the question is actually no. By the research done in this paper by Christopher. J Ruhm he brings to light that alcohol intake doesn’t have a positive increase in bad times instead it has a decline in consumption. He uncovers that heavy drinkers decrease quite a lot with the loss of income, and that even recreational and binge drinking declines as well though at a smaller pace. As a whole, alcohol consumption doesn’t increase during bad times overall. Reference Working paper 8511 Does Drinking Really Decrease in Bad Times?  By Christoher Ruhm and William Black (c) What is the effect of cigarette taxes (and smuggling) on the consumption of alcohol? What does that imply about the cross elasticity of demand between the two? Tax implications and its effect on alcohol consumption were studied in detail in working paper 8962. This study was done in Canada. What the writer found was that higher tax rates for cigarettes wouldn’t stimulate alcohol consumption as a replacement habit. When smuggling was factored into the equation, it was found that in Canadian smuggling could have increased both cigarette and alcohol consumption. After analyzing the data with two different data sets and trying to determine cross elasticity, the first analysis determined that cigarettes and alcohol were complimentary, as cigarette consumption decreased, so did alcohol consumption, when smuggling is not factored. However, when a different data set is used, the FAMEX data, then the two were found to be independent. This forced the writer to concede that no conclusion could be drawn on the subject at the time, but that the writer could conclude that alcohol is not a substitute of cigarettes.

Free Essays on Overview Of Piaget, Kohlberg, And Erikson And Their Different Theories

Overview of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Erikson and their different theories One of the first researchers to develop an in-depth chart of the early beginnings of an infant to the constant wheels are turning adolescent was none other than Jean Piaget. He believed that all children travel through the same phases, never skipping even one before entering into the next stage. Piaget stated that throughout each the individual is no smarter than one in a more advanced stage, only their thinking process varies. These four stages are known as the Periods of Cognitive Development. Piaget introduced schemas during that time, which are mental images or generalized ideas formed while experiencing the world. The first stage is called Sensorimotor, which occurs from 0-2 years of age. During this time infants form simple ideas about their surroundings. The infant decides which objects are appropriate for sucking. They accomplish this through assimilation, where they try out new objects to see how it fits into their environment. Also when an object will not work, as they like, he or she may use accommodation, and will change it around to make it work for the particular schema they would like. At first an infant does not think about something that is not currently present. When they see something then they will react. Later around 4 to 8 months the infant will start to develop object performance, where they realize something still exists even if it is out of sight. Around 18 to 24 months their grasp of this concept is fully developed. During this time they also begin to appreciate cause and effect, and try out different things to see what reaction might occur. Around 8 to 9 months and peaking at 13 months, stranger anxiety kicks in, and the infant becomes very upset when separated from their primary care giver. The second phase is called Preoperational Development, taking place from 2- 6 years of age. Children begin to represent things th... Free Essays on Overview Of Piaget, Kohlberg, And Erikson And Their Different Theories Free Essays on Overview Of Piaget, Kohlberg, And Erikson And Their Different Theories Overview of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Erikson and their different theories One of the first researchers to develop an in-depth chart of the early beginnings of an infant to the constant wheels are turning adolescent was none other than Jean Piaget. He believed that all children travel through the same phases, never skipping even one before entering into the next stage. Piaget stated that throughout each the individual is no smarter than one in a more advanced stage, only their thinking process varies. These four stages are known as the Periods of Cognitive Development. Piaget introduced schemas during that time, which are mental images or generalized ideas formed while experiencing the world. The first stage is called Sensorimotor, which occurs from 0-2 years of age. During this time infants form simple ideas about their surroundings. The infant decides which objects are appropriate for sucking. They accomplish this through assimilation, where they try out new objects to see how it fits into their environment. Also when an object will not work, as they like, he or she may use accommodation, and will change it around to make it work for the particular schema they would like. At first an infant does not think about something that is not currently present. When they see something then they will react. Later around 4 to 8 months the infant will start to develop object performance, where they realize something still exists even if it is out of sight. Around 18 to 24 months their grasp of this concept is fully developed. During this time they also begin to appreciate cause and effect, and try out different things to see what reaction might occur. Around 8 to 9 months and peaking at 13 months, stranger anxiety kicks in, and the infant becomes very upset when separated from their primary care giver. The second phase is called Preoperational Development, taking place from 2- 6 years of age. Children begin to represent things th...

Essay on Education in the States †it is Time to Change the Vector

Essay on Education in the States – it is Time to Change the Vector Essay on Education in the States – it is Time to Change the Vector Essay on Education in the States – it is Time to Change the VectorIn the modern society with the rapid development of life and extreme high speed of changes education plays a crucial role because it allows to develop adoptive mechanisms, find your place, find and develop your hidden talents and capacities. So, education should be available for every individual. There are a lot of questions and doubts considering the level of education, its accents and forms, but it is obvious that it should be for all people. To my mind, every person has the right to the same kind of education and various tests and examinations will show whether a particular kind of education passes him/her or not. The next question is who should take responsibility for education. It is not fair to put this responsibility on the individual because it would be not his/her responsibility, but his/her parents’. It depends on their level of income and other factors and at this point the question of inequali ty arises: some rich parents may allow the education for their child and poor representatives deprive their children of it. The most logical answer to this social inequality would be   federal provision. The government should   develop common economic, political and cultural course of the country and implement corresponding educational programs. Students know the professional demand and governmental needs and have a kind of guarantee to be useful and successful after getting a diploma. â€Å"Education is supposed to prepare future citizens- that is, to equip them with the necessary skills, knowledge, attitudes, and perspectives to live a prosperous and happy life as well as to perform responsibilities required of them as citizens of a society† (Zhao, 2009, p.13). However, federal responsibility has negative consequences, as well. The government does not care about creative abilities and imagination much.   It has a declination to standardization: a particular type of wo rker is required and the government gives a requirement for such a worker. In this way person’s hidden talents, his/her creativity and imagination go aside and Ken Robinson, a famous educational expert, in his lecture Changing Education Paradigms speaks about this problem of modern education. Traditional education concentrates on the final product and material effectiveness – the government needs the statistics of high economic development. However, it is time to realize for the United States that further progress and development is not in the quantity and quality of existing products and services, it is in innovations. Innovations, in their turn, may be developed and implemented only by creative individuals and divergent thinking, as Robinson calls it.On the one hand, American government guarantees all its citizens the right for free and equal education, as it was proclaimed in the Equal Education Opportunities Act of 1974. In my opinion, it is a positive change in th e provision of education on the federal level. There was created the National Institute of Education to control the educational process in the States and improve the level of education. Moreover, to guarantee equal opportunities for all citizens including people with disabilities The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (20 U.S.C.  §Ã‚ § 1400 et seq) was signed and it is also a very important and necessary step in the educational sphere.On the other hand, educational system of the United States requires fundamental reformation, and the faster it will be done, the more visible the results will be. Standardization of education resulted in the development of thousands of tests in every discipline, however, these tests allow to check only factual knowledge, not creative talents. Moreover, even high scores in tests and economic growth of the country do not have direct dependence. â€Å"In the face of such evidence, we can do more than reject the widely held hypothesis that high test scores lead to national success in the future. We can also hypothesize that high test scores are damaging to nations. That the U.S. comes out on top in national success in 74% of the comparisons with higher-scoring nations is statistically significant (p .0001, binomial test)† (Baker, 2007, p. 103). So, standardization of the educational process which used to be so actual in the 20th century does not prove to be effective nowadays.Development of critical thinking and creativity should become the main vector of the educational policy in the states. It presumes more freedom for the individual in the learning process, the teacher becomes more an observer who directs the student to a minimal point and creates appropriate condition for the development of personality and individuality. Despite the fact that it may seem risky, it is worth trying if the focus of attention is the development of personality in the American society. Robinson in his lecture gives a provoking statist ics: 98% of children up to five years old have excellent creative capacity and it minimizes with the flow of time under the influence of the standardized educational system.So, accent on creativity, critical thinking and diversity should become the priority for the educational reform not only on the local level but on the federal level, first of all. American nation, as well as others, has so many talented and unique personalities that they deserve chances for the development of their abilities and it will contribute to the economy and the country in general in the nearest future.

Double Placement Reactions Lab Essay Example

Double Placement Reactions Lab Essay Example Double Placement Reactions Lab Essay Double Placement Reactions Lab Essay Reactions Lab * November 14, 2010 Double Replacement Reaction Introduction / Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to combine a solution made of potassium iodide and a solution of lead (II) nitrate and produce a precipitate. The reaction is listed as Pb(NO3)2(aq)+2KI(aq) 2KNO3(aq)+PbI2(s). The contents of the beaker was the solution of potassium iodide and lead (II) nitrate. The solution was poured into an Erlenmeyer flask holding a Buchner funnel with a piece of filter paper at the bottom of the funnel. The filter paper contained a yellow precipitate at the end of the experiment. This precipitate was lead (II) iodide. The potassium combined with the nitrate and filtered through the paper whereas the lead combined with the iodide and was not soluable in water and was collected on top of the paper. Materials: * 40 ml Potassium Iodide (Kl) * 20 ml Lead (II) Nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) * 100 ml Beaker * Stirring rod * Erlenmeyer flask * Buchner funnel * Watch glass * Scale Experimental Methods: 1) Obtain a 100 ml beaker 2) Obtain 40 ml of Potassium Iodide (Kl) 3) Obtain 20 ml of Lead (II) Nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) 4) Obtain an Erlenmeyer flask 5) Obtain a Buchner funnel with filter paper at the end of the funnel 6) Obtain a stirring rod ) Obtain a watch glass 8) Combine the 40 ml of Potassium Iodide (Kl) and 20 ml of Lead (II) Nitrate (Pb(NO3)2) in the 100 ml beaker 9) Use the stirring rod to stir the solution 10) Place the Buchner funnel in the Erlenmeyer flask 11) Pour the solution from the 100 ml beaker into the Buchner funnel 12) Remove the Buchner funnel from the Erlenmeyer flask 13) Place the solid precipitate from the filter paper into the watch glass 14) Using the scale, record the weight of the solid Data: Weight of Percipitate| Color of Percipitate| % Yeild| 9. 112 g| Yellow| . 0098828633| Results: When Potassium Iodide is combined with Lead (II) Nitrate, a chemical reaction occurs. The lead combines with the idodine and the potassium combines with the nitrate. One solution remains a liquid whereas the other solution becomes a solid. The solid is not soluable in water and is able to be filtered out. The equation is pictured below in Figure 1. The solid turned yellow in color. After the solid was filtered from the solution, it was weighed. This weight was measured and calculated as the percent yield. Figure [ 1 ] Discussion and Analysis: This experiment was a basic one with little possibility for error. The combining of two liquids produced a liquid and a solid. The positively charged atoms present in one solution combined with the positively charged atoms present in the other. This left the negatively charged atoms in both solutions to do the same. This is known as a Double Reaction. In this experiment, the Potassium Iodide was mixed with Lead (II) Nitrate. When the two chemical compounds were combined in a beaker and stirred with a stirring rod, the solution changed color. The solution in the beaker turned yellow in color. After stirring the solution, it was poured into a Buchner funnel that had a piece of filter paper at the bottom. This filter paper aided in collecting the precipitate and allowing the remaining liquid solution to pass through. The precipitate that was collected was transferred to a watch glass. After weighing the watch glass, the weight of the solid was calculated. The weight of the solid subtracted from the original weight of the solution gives the weight of the remaining liquid that was filtered through the filter paper. The weight of the solid is used to calculate the percent yield. The formula used to calculate the percent yield is: = (actual yield/predicted yield) x 100% = (actual yield /((20 ml /1000ml / liter) x GMW of PbI2)) x 100% = (actual yield / (. 2 x 461. 009)) x 100% = (actual yield /9. 22) x 100% = . 0098828633 Conclusions: The experiment went just as planned. The hypothesis was that a precipitate would be yielded as the result of combining two solutions together and passing the solution through filter paper. The solutions combined and reacted just as predicted. The cations and anions combined together and created a precipitate that was yellow in color. The precipitate was weighed and gave a chance to calculate a percent yield. The data collected was plugged into a formula that was given in the experiment procedures. The weight of the solid precipitate was divided by the predicted yield and then multiplied by 100%. In conclusion, the experiment was a success. Observations Record weight of lead (II) iodide solid (grams): 9. 112 g Calculate % yield = (actual yield / predicted yield) x 100% = (actual yield / ((20 ml /1000 ml/liter) x GMW of PbI2)) x 100 % = (actual yield /(. 02 x 461. 009)) x 100 % = (actual yield / 9. 22) x 100% = 0. 0098828633 g

The Freedom 'of', and the Freedom 'to' Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Freedom 'of', and the Freedom 'to' - Essay Example Yet, he would live his life abusing his new found freedom and turned it from a freedom 'from' enslavement to a freedom 'to' abuse. As Americans, we have also been endowed with a freedom that has come with the price tag of a great responsibility. Freedom is charged with exercising the tolerance, compassion, and dignity that must be afforded to all individuals in the world. In exercising our right to be free, we must insure that our national freedom from bondage does not become a freedom to oppress. Exercising freedom is a process of practicing great restraint. America has a national heritage of economic wealth, mobility, and the freedom of expression. Yet, these basic freedoms, that are often taken for granted, come with an obligation to act responsibly. Wealth cannot be used to exploit a people that are struggling to climb from a history of poverty and into the developing community of nations. Our freedom of mobility does not grant us the right to travel to distant lands only to be occupied for the purpose of greed and political convenience. Freedom of expression requires that we speak honestly and with dignity for the purpose of promoting truth. We have the freedom of speech and movement, but we do not have the freedom to abuse these fundamental rights. Being granted our freedom has given us the inalienable right to be treated with respect and dignity.

Apple Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Apple Inc - Essay Example As for the software products, Apple offers a complete portfolio of consumer and professional software applications which include iOS and Mac OS X for its operating system; and iCloud for its online content tool. Moreover, Apple sells and delivers digital content and application such as music and literary art through iTunes Store, App Store, iBookstore, and Mac App Store. In line with its unique offerings, Apple sells a variety of third party compatible products such as printers, storage devices, speakers, and headphones; as well as applications of software programs. In terms of customers, Apple caters to private consumers, small and medium-sized businesses, and the education sector. Demographically, Apple’s private consumers are mainly consisted of young, early adopters who are technologically-savvy and are followers of media trends, as described by David Appleyard in his online article entitled Profile of an iPhone User: Interesting Statistics about  Yourself. Being heavy u sers of the web and mobile devices, they always want to get updated with the current social happenings. Apple also caters to small and medium-sized business by providing hardware and software products that aim to simplify its business operations through easy-to-use computer products and software applications. As for the education sector, Apple is also committed to bringing the effective integration of technology into the classroom set-up to attain higher levels of student achievement. As such, Apple supports mobile learning and distribution of education materials through iTunes U. Apple’s company vision is driven by its commitment to bring the best customer experience through valuable product innovation. As such, the company’s business strategy focuses on its â€Å"unique ability to design and develop its operating systems, hardware, application software, and services to provide its customers new products and solutions with superior ease-of-use, seamless integration, and innovative design† (Apple 1). In line with this overarching goal of delivering innovative products and services, Apple invests heavily on research and development, as evidenced by its expenditures of $2.4 billion, $1.8 billion, and $1.3 billion for 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. This is grounded on Apple’s belief that in order to compete successfully, it must ensure a continual and timely flow of competitive products and services to the market. Keeping with its mission of driving innovation, Apple consistently manufactures hardware and software products that are known for its simplicity and beauty. In this light, functionality and form essentially constitute the key attributes of all its products. As highlighted in an online blog entitled 7 Strategies that You Must Learn from Apple Marketing, Apple’s success banks on turning the ordinary into something beautiful. But developing a good product and service is not enough. It must be delivered and communicat ed well to the consumers. Thus, as part of its business strategy, Apple also emphasizes on enhancing the customer experience and creating relevant marketing communications. Firstly, giving valuable customer experience relies on ensuring a smooth and unique point-of-sale service. Thus, having strategic distribution networks is important. Currently, Apple manages its own retail and online stores;

Christian Bale Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Christian Bale - Movie Review Example It was no wonder hen, that Bale himself soon followed in the family footsteps. His father was fond of travelling, and the family moved excessively form place to place during bale's childhood (Tiscali 2008). This gave Bale exposure to many different interests and opportunities that developed his passion about acting. His first major break was Steven Spielberg's Empire of the Sun in 1987 when he was still a child actor (Tiscali 2008). This was followed by a little rough career patch before becoming a hit in Little Women (Tiscali 2008). As a child, his initial screen and stage appearances include "a part in a Pac-Man cereal commercial, a Lenor ad, and a West End stage debut" (Tiscali 2008). He was also a part of a theatre group at Reading (Tiscali 2008). The focus film for my presentation is the The Machinist, which would be discussed in a greater detail than the other two films under discussion, to examine the extremes to which Christian Bale pushes himself, "both physically and mentally" (LA Weekly 2007), in order to completely lose himself in the character (LA Weekly 2007) and bring... He was also a part of a theatre group at Reading (Tiscali 2008). The Machinist The focus film for my presentation is the The Machinist, which would be discussed in a greater detail than the other two films under discussion, to examine the extremes to which Christian Bale pushes himself, "both physically and mentally" (LA Weekly 2007), in order to completely lose himself in the character (LA Weekly 2007) and bring belief and life to his roles. Background: Ever since he was a child, Bale loved role-playing (LA Weekly 2007). More importantly, he was keen on taking his roles and make-belief games very seriously and was insistent that others do the same; not take fantasy as fantasy, but take it as fiction (LA Weekly 2007). This is the attitude that has kept him going in the filed of acting, where he his dedication to his roles and his extreme impersonation of the script characters has etched a glowing mark for him with the critics and the audiences alike. His father was a traveler and an adventurer (LA Weekly 2007), and this has instilled in him a sense of adventure and self-exploration that he brings to his acting and his roles, and pushes his limits beyond what other people would dare to go to achieve that level of satisfaction and excitement that is a major part of his career as well as his personal life. Discussion: The Machinist was directed by Brad Anderson (The Independent Online Edition- CB.net 2005). It was released in 2005

From the streets to the libraries Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

From the streets to the libraries - Assignment Example History is important as it gives the people who relate to it a cultural identity. Among the major cons of this genre is the vulgarity of the language and too much sex and violence. It raises a conflict. Critics challenge the ill manner in which the genre strives to air the message. Vulgar language, sex and violence is purported to impact the readers and giving it a lot of priority erodes morality. It is also not ideal for people of tender ages as it exposes them to graphic sex and violence too soon. Therefore, it does not suit all ages or the conservative people. I support this statement. Basically, Miller means that the only concern is that people read and therefore have the chance to benefit from the lessons. This dismisses the claim of inappropriate ways of delivering the message. Despite having graphical sex, violence or vulgar language, what matters is the conclusion rather that the language, sex or violence. Given the nature of urban lifestyle, it is inevitable to include the inappropriate details. However, using the inappropriate details to deliver a strong message after reading is the main agenda. The authors of this genre get their work published by their own publishing companies that they have started. In addition, the popularity of the genre had persuaded other publishers to accept publishing urban fiction works. The popularity of this genre emerged from increased acceptance by libraries. Librarians began bringing them to the libraries where people would be interested in them (Barnard 1). The popularity of best sellers in this genre increased interest from people. There are lessons from urban fiction. They are not only real and interesting but also have a valid reason for their popularity. This genre proves useful and it deserves the audience it continues to enjoy. By addressing the real issue in the society, this genre keeps people aware at all times. They can live accordingly. It also impacts the

Information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Information system - Essay Example tions that means they have to as well somehow facilitate all remote office workers and team members, internationally, to work together on the similar shared files as well as data at the same time. However, in view of the fact that business data file sizes and data storage needs are augmenting every year, as well as the well-organized sharing of files all through distributed business enterprises over the wide area network (WAN) has turned out to be an exceptional task. Additionally, the difficulty is that gigabytes of data can be shared over a local area network (LAN) through standard file server technology, they cannot be shared all trough remote offices linked over the WAN. On the other hand, standard file server protocols offer unacceptably slow response times to open and write files over the WAN in addition to this forces remote office IT managers to build a number of unappealing alternatives. Thus, in this scenario IT managers and network users have to either live with reduced pr oductivity because of poor network performance at remote offices or they have to make use of replication systems that waste business network storage as well as slow down worldwide collaboration (Dorairajan; Nash; Forouzan and Fegan). Dorairajan (2004) stated that a new class of product recognized as wide-area file services (WAFS) has demonstrated extraordinary outcomes in resolving the problem of remote office sharing and collaboration intended for distributed organizations and businesses like that Oliyday Hotels. Additionally, the wide-area file services (WAFS) allow corporations with remote offices to make use of the WAN to share files like if it were a virtual LAN, facilitating real-time, read/write access to shared business files in addition to assure the coherency and consistency of the entire business file data (Dorairajan; Forouzan and Fegan). In addition, the majority of the successful WAFS systems tackle inherent WAN file sharing problems through a multi-layered technology

International business stratergy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International business stratergy - Essay Example The performance measurement is significant as it recognizes the existing performance gaps between contemporary and desired performances and provides an indication of progress towards closing the gaps. Carefully selected key performance indicators identify precisely where to take action to improve performance. This paper deals with the identification and application of the concepts of lean management and the key performance indicators for the maintenance functions. Initially the paper defines the complex framework of UK public sector and then describes the application of lean management and KPIs within the UK public sector. At the end, the paper deeply emphasizes on how the UK Public sector progressing well in terms of management strategies. The issue is elaborated critically that how public sector organizations are actively hitting the target but missing the core objectives. UK Public Sector It is very tough for a person not citizen of UK to easily comprehend the structure, operation s, and management systems of UK public sector. Probably the main reason is the complex restructurings, numerous administrative divisions, and a combination of district councils, county councils, and unitary authorities which make the whole managing structure quite complex. Both the county and district divisions have their particular area of jurisdiction. Public sector Area of responsibility County level Education, Social Services, Transport, Strategic Planning, Fire Services, Consumer Protection, Refuse Disposal, Smallholdings, Libraries District level Local planning, Housing, Local highways, Building regulations, Environmental health, Refuse collection Divided level Recreation, Cultural matters Lean Management Daniel, T. Jones was the first one who presented the concept of lean management in 1990s. Today his concept has been developed into a mini discipline which the public sector and industrial organizations are using in their area of operations. Principally the approach supports the mapping business procedures, recognizing the waste, delays and restricted accesses, re-designing the workflow to aim for perfection (Jones, 2003). The concept is described in the following diagram. Instead of simply accepting the uncritical pre-existing ideas, the lean management is basically an optimizing variation in terms of improving the efficiency, decreasing the waste, and the utilization of experimental procedures to decide what does matter. The goals of lean management systems differ from author to author e.g. some authors believe on an internal focus to increase the profit of the organization (Liker, 2004) while there is a lot which assert that progress must be done for the sake of the customer (Womack et al, 1990). UK public sector organizations apply different techniques of the principles of lean management to attain maximum output. Initially the concept of lean management was presented in terms of manufacturing industry. Toyota Production System (TPS) was the first c oncept of lean which was developed from 1940s to 1970s also known as Japanese Waste Model. The leading goals of TPS were to eliminate the seven wastes which included wastes in terms of transport, inventory, motion, waiting, over production, over processing, and defects (Womack and Jones, 2003). Ford (1922) describes the entire concept of waste in just one paragraph. â€Å"

From the streets to the libraries Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

From the streets to the libraries - Assignment Example History is important as it gives the people who relate to it a cultural identity. Among the major cons of this genre is the vulgarity of the language and too much sex and violence. It raises a conflict. Critics challenge the ill manner in which the genre strives to air the message. Vulgar language, sex and violence is purported to impact the readers and giving it a lot of priority erodes morality. It is also not ideal for people of tender ages as it exposes them to graphic sex and violence too soon. Therefore, it does not suit all ages or the conservative people. I support this statement. Basically, Miller means that the only concern is that people read and therefore have the chance to benefit from the lessons. This dismisses the claim of inappropriate ways of delivering the message. Despite having graphical sex, violence or vulgar language, what matters is the conclusion rather that the language, sex or violence. Given the nature of urban lifestyle, it is inevitable to include the inappropriate details. However, using the inappropriate details to deliver a strong message after reading is the main agenda. The authors of this genre get their work published by their own publishing companies that they have started. In addition, the popularity of the genre had persuaded other publishers to accept publishing urban fiction works. The popularity of this genre emerged from increased acceptance by libraries. Librarians began bringing them to the libraries where people would be interested in them (Barnard 1). The popularity of best sellers in this genre increased interest from people. There are lessons from urban fiction. They are not only real and interesting but also have a valid reason for their popularity. This genre proves useful and it deserves the audience it continues to enjoy. By addressing the real issue in the society, this genre keeps people aware at all times. They can live accordingly. It also impacts the

International business stratergy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

International business stratergy - Essay Example The performance measurement is significant as it recognizes the existing performance gaps between contemporary and desired performances and provides an indication of progress towards closing the gaps. Carefully selected key performance indicators identify precisely where to take action to improve performance. This paper deals with the identification and application of the concepts of lean management and the key performance indicators for the maintenance functions. Initially the paper defines the complex framework of UK public sector and then describes the application of lean management and KPIs within the UK public sector. At the end, the paper deeply emphasizes on how the UK Public sector progressing well in terms of management strategies. The issue is elaborated critically that how public sector organizations are actively hitting the target but missing the core objectives. UK Public Sector It is very tough for a person not citizen of UK to easily comprehend the structure, operation s, and management systems of UK public sector. Probably the main reason is the complex restructurings, numerous administrative divisions, and a combination of district councils, county councils, and unitary authorities which make the whole managing structure quite complex. Both the county and district divisions have their particular area of jurisdiction. Public sector Area of responsibility County level Education, Social Services, Transport, Strategic Planning, Fire Services, Consumer Protection, Refuse Disposal, Smallholdings, Libraries District level Local planning, Housing, Local highways, Building regulations, Environmental health, Refuse collection Divided level Recreation, Cultural matters Lean Management Daniel, T. Jones was the first one who presented the concept of lean management in 1990s. Today his concept has been developed into a mini discipline which the public sector and industrial organizations are using in their area of operations. Principally the approach supports the mapping business procedures, recognizing the waste, delays and restricted accesses, re-designing the workflow to aim for perfection (Jones, 2003). The concept is described in the following diagram. Instead of simply accepting the uncritical pre-existing ideas, the lean management is basically an optimizing variation in terms of improving the efficiency, decreasing the waste, and the utilization of experimental procedures to decide what does matter. The goals of lean management systems differ from author to author e.g. some authors believe on an internal focus to increase the profit of the organization (Liker, 2004) while there is a lot which assert that progress must be done for the sake of the customer (Womack et al, 1990). UK public sector organizations apply different techniques of the principles of lean management to attain maximum output. Initially the concept of lean management was presented in terms of manufacturing industry. Toyota Production System (TPS) was the first c oncept of lean which was developed from 1940s to 1970s also known as Japanese Waste Model. The leading goals of TPS were to eliminate the seven wastes which included wastes in terms of transport, inventory, motion, waiting, over production, over processing, and defects (Womack and Jones, 2003). Ford (1922) describes the entire concept of waste in just one paragraph. â€Å"

International border searches Essay Example for Free

International border searches Essay It is recognized that it is paramount to the U. S. to protect and preserve the integrity of its borders. This involves a constant balancing by the authorities between trade and commerce on one hand and terrorist activities, contraband and illegal immigrants on the other hand. By reason of this, security operations involve border searches and seizures which necessarily have implications on the Fourth Amendment (Vina, 2005). The Fourth Amendment ensures and protects the people from unreasonable searches and seizures and provides, â€Å"â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized† (U. S. Constitution, Fourth Amendment). The Fourth Amendment is to ensure that the powers of the federal government are not arbitrarily used against its citizens. Legally, â€Å"reasonableness† is required as one to be determined by a judge for the issuance of a search warrant. The judge is said to be independent and impartial as to determine the existence of probable cause so that the police can make the search or arrest [Katz v. U. S. , 347, 357 (1967)]. A violation of the Fourth Amendment will result in the exclusion or suppression of whatever evidence may be gathered pursuant to the exclusionary rule enunciated by the Court in the case of Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U. S. 643 (1961). There are however, exceptions established when reasonableness and warrant requirement are relaxed and therefore â€Å"probable cause is not invariably required either† (Vernonia School Dist. 47J v. Acton, 515 U. S. 646, 653 (1995). This occurs when the interests of the public require more protection than those of private interests. One of these established exceptions to the warrant and probable cause requirement is border search [Camara v. Municipal Court, 387 U. S. 523 (1967)]. Discussion Border search is defined in the case of United States v. Ramsey as â€Å"that searches made at the border, pursuant to the longstanding right of the sovereign to protect itself by stopping and examining persons and property crossing into this country, are reasonable simply by virtue of the fact that they occur at the border, should, by now, require no extended demonstration (431 U. S. 606 (1977)). This does not require a warrant, probable cause or reasonable suspicion (Onecle web site, 2005). The exception of border search is provided for under the United States Code specifically in Chapter 19, subsections 482 and 1582. This exception is premised on the duty of the state to protect its citizens, regulate trade and commerce and enforces immigration laws, thus, authorizing routine stops for searches at the border [U. S. v. Ramsey, 431 U. S. 606 (1977)]. There are two types of border search, namely routine and non-routine (Vina, 2005). In the case of U. S. v. Johnson, the Court explained that routine search include a search without any suspicion and entails very limited invasion of privacy (991 F 2d. 1287, 1291 7th Cir. 1993). This may include a dog sniff of the person, a search and inspection of belongings, luggage and car (Vina, 2005). The non-routine search includes more intrusive methods and is conducted when the authorities have suspicion that there is alimentary canal smuggling. The search may consist of â€Å"destructive searches of inanimate objects, prolonged detentions, strip searches, body cavity searches, and some x-ray examinations† (Vina, 2005). Body cavity searches include searches in cavities such as â€Å"vagina, rectum, or the use of emetics† [Vina, 2005 citing United States v. Ogberaha, 771 F. 2d 655, 657 (2d Cir. 1985) (vagina); United State v. Pino, 729 F. 2d 1357, 1358 (11 th Cir. 1984) (rectum); United States v. Briones, 423 F. 2d 742, 743 (5 th Cir. 1970) (emetics)]. The law requires that ‘reasonable suspicion’ consists in particular and specific facts which a logical person can infer from a wrong doing (U. S. v. Montoya de Hernandez (1985), 473 U. S. 531). There are also instances when border searches are allowed to extend beyond the border, in the following cases, namely: â€Å"(1) the government officials have reasonable certainty or a â€Å"high degree of probability† that a border was crossed; (2) they also have reasonable certainty that no change in the object of the search has occurred between the time of the border crossing and the search; and (3) they have â€Å"reasonable suspicion† that criminal activity was occurring† (U. S. v. Teng Yang (2002), 286 F. 3d. 940). These three requisites must exist and concur to render legal and constitutional, the extended border search by ensuring a â€Å"significant nexus with a border crossing† by the suspect (Vina, 2005). Most often the routine searches give rise to non-routine searches such as for instance where undeclared precious stones are found inside the pocket of the suspect, this resulted into reasonable suspicion thus giving rise to the conduct of non-routine search of strip searches. This yielded an envelope of narcotics (U. S. v. Flores, (1973) 477 F. 2d 608). Conclusion The U. S. government embarked on enhancing border security technologies and operations by reason of the September 11 terrorist attack. Intercepting and aborting terrorist attacks and smuggling of contraband were overstressed. Pieces of legislation are being drafted to harness further training in detection of false or falsified documents, pilot programs are launched for â€Å"surveillance technologies, biometric entry and exit data system and enhanced training of border officials (Vina, 2005). Volunteer programs were also set up to assist in observing and reporting of the movement of illegal aliens such as those launched in Arizona in 2005. This is a â€Å"citizens’ neighborhood watch’ program called the Minuteman Project. References Camara v. Municipal Court, 387 U. S. 523 (1967) Katz v. U. S. , 347, 357 (1967) Mapp v. Ohio, 367 U. S. 643 (1961). Onecle Web site 2005 â€Å" Border searches† Retrieved on October 25, 2007, from http://law. onecle. com/constitution/amendment-04/18-border-searches. html United States Code, Chapter 19, subsections 482 and 1582 U. S. Constitution, Fourth Amendment Vernonia School Dist. 47J v. Acton, 515 U. S. 646, 653 (1995). Vina, S. 2005, Protecting our perimeter:† border searches† under the Fourth amendment CRS Report for Congress. Retrieved on October 25, 2007, from http://www. fas. org/sgp/crs/homesec/RL31826. pdf. United States v. Briones, 423 F. 2d 742, 743 (5 th Cir. 1970) U. S. v. Flores, (1973) 477 F. 2d 608). U. S. v. Johnson, 991 F 2d. 1287, 1291 7th Cir. 1993). U. S. v. Montoya de Hernandez (1985), 473 U. S. 531 United States v. Ogberaha, 771 F. 2d 655, 657 (2d Cir. 1985) (vagina) United States v. Pino, 729 F. 2d 1357, 1358 (11 th Cir. 1984) (rectum); U. S. v. Ramsey, 431 U. S. 606 (1977)]. U. S. v. Teng Yang (2002), 286 F. 3d. 940.

Demonstrate an understanding of relevant theories

Demonstrate an understanding of relevant theories Psychology Portfolio Presentation One of the best ways of presenting work as a psychology student is through the completion of a personal portfolio as one progresses through the respective curriculum in psychology. Moreover, it enables easier assessment and evaluation of the success of the psychology curriculum in terms of objectives and goal fulfillment. This is represented in the following discussions: Demonstrate an understanding of relevant theories Application of scientific methodology Basic Knowledge in keys areas Upholding professionalism in psychology Understanding of relevant psychological theories is an important factor in the understanding of the psychological curriculum. It enables students to understand the application of scientific methodologies in carrying out research undertaken in the psychological field. For instance, the students will be able to become acquainted with how theoretical frameworks can be applied during the real study (Betz, 2008). Additionally, the study of core courses in different intermediate levels enables the learners to gain the basic knowledge necessary for grasping the course provisions. This enables students to understand the application of different theories as they progress from one level to the next. Not only will this enable them to understand the areas that are required of them in partial fulfillment of the course but also enables them to identify particular subfields of the discipline that fits their interests. Finally, psychology as a discipline ensures that learners as prepared to gain psy chological knowledge by not only studying it as a social science but also as a profession (Betz, 2008). This entails learners being taught how to write unmistakably and effectively by following the appropriate professional standards. Include examples to support major points Conceptualize current societal issues Conducting assessment and practice Citing relevant theories Theories are not always accurate because they are not only based on individual viewpoints but also are subject to stand the test of time. Therefore, it is advisable to support each theoretical assumptions with supportive evidence that can be verified when the need arises. This can be achieved by relating the current issues affecting the society with theoretical assumptions (Westefeld, 2009). Alternatively, assumptions are usually drawn from research that has been undertaken and therefore it easier to support theories by relating them to research findings that had been undertaken before. Finally, other related or relevant theories can be cited to boost the validity of oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s assumptions. Psychological theories and their importance. behavior theories cognitive theories Developmental theories The nature of human behavior and thoughts has led to the development of various psychological theories that try to explain them. Behavioral theories help to demonstrate ways in which new behaviors and information can be acquired though conditioning. Cognitive theories are centered on internal states of the human nature and therefore aid thinking, decision-making, and problem solving (Williams, et al (2008). Lastly, developmental theories do serve to provide a framework from which understanding of factors relating to human growth and development are covered. Psychological theories and their disadvantages Humanistic Theories Personality theories Social Psychology Theories Arguably, not all psychological theories are easy to understand and relate. For instance, humanist theories focus on the goodness of human behavior, a factor that is not practicable in society. On the other hand, personality theories concentrate in the study of personalities of people around us. These require that one invest a great deal of time in scrutinizing such behaviors, a fact that I do not like (Betz, 2008). Finally, social psychology theories are focused on the study of social behavior and require giving attention to particular aspects of social phenomena. Criteria of arriving at conclusions. -Understanding the Knowledge Base Identifying major concepts Using Technology Understanding of various psychological aspects requires deep understanding of the discipline. This factor enables learners to gain an insight of what is being proposed in the study. Alternatively, identification of key concepts and psychological models enables learners to arrive at conclusions (Westefeld, 2009). Finally, using technological applications to process data into information enables them to arrive at conclusions. Future influences of theories in psychology. Improve human counseling Competent professional relationships Integration of science and practice Psychological theories are certain to discover new ways of performing psychological related chores. In turn, this will improve the level of service delivery in many areas such as improvements in human counseling whereby excellent services will be delivered to patients (Williams, et al (2008). Additionally, psychological practitioners will try to outdo each other in the delivery of services thereby leading to increased completion amongst themselves and thusly, the formation of competent professional relationships. Lastly, the need for scientific researched to support proposed psychological theories would increase thereby increasing integration between science and practice (Williams, et al (2008). New Methods in Psychology Information and Technological literacy Ability to utilize the power of computers Technological Applications in Psychology With the advent of new technological innovations, each discipline will be backed by technological integration and psychology will not be left behind. This entails improving literacy in learners through the integration of information technology programs in the study of psychology, the use of computers by learners and lastly, development of technological applications specifically meant for psychology (Inman, and Ladany, 2008). Effects on the worldview Understand psychological concepts Improved self assessment Increased levels of applications and understanding The information contained in this presented is certainly going to impact heavily on how I view things from the psychological perspective. To begin with, it will enable me to fully understand the application of psychological concepts and their relationships to theory, enable me to improve ways of self-assessment and finally, enable me to apply diversified technological applications in the field of psychology (Betz, 2008). critical or creative thinking Ability to think critically Applying appropriate scientific approaches Decision making and problem solving Critical thinking enabled me to logically demonstrate the necessary applications of theory concepts, formulate the design and organized presentations when undertaking scientific approaches (Westefeld, 2009). Finally, critical thinking was useful in solving problems and making decisions. Psychological Language Right psychological terms Correct writing style Professionally written Understanding of psychological terms is very useful in this presentation to ensure that flow of information is not interrupted (Inman, and Ladany, 2008). Additionally, the paper ensures that it follows the correct writing style to ensure that it meets the standards of professionalism typical of this paper. Importance of theories Understanding theories Their scope and applications Relationships to research This curriculum requires that learners master the applications of different psychological theories in different scenarios. Specifically, their importance and how they are applied in different perspectives is very important. Finally, demonstrations on how they can be related to psychological research are also another important factor that these theories help to achieve. Applications Writing abilities Research skills Applied experience The study of this discipline enabled me to acquire practical skills that are applicable in real life situations. Throughout the study, we were equipped with writing skills that enabled us to produce accurate and well-written professional papers in addition to sharpening our research skills though carrying out studies on various topics. Finally, applied experience was acquired through participating in real life situations by assuming roles such as psychological counselors and practitioners.

Symbolism in How I Learned to Drive by Paula Vogel Essay -- How Learne

Paula Vogel’s play, How I Learned to Drive, artistically tackles the disturbing issue of incestual pedophilia. The play’s protagonist Li’l Bit narrates the action as she goes through her memory of specific events. Much like stream of consciousness, her narration does not lead chronologically to scenes in her past. Rather it jumps back and forth between the present and different points in her life. She tells of her memories of youth and her sexual and emotional relationship with her Uncle Peck. Rather than simply telling about her experiences, though, Li’l Bit shares her memories through vignettes which show the audience her role in the affair within the context of learning to drive (Greene 425). Vogel’s writing exudes symbolism from the first word of the script to the last – from the rise of the curtain to its close. The glimpses into Li’l Bit’s past are sometimes explicitly and literally described, but Vogel also often uses extended metaphors to act as a detailed commentary on the action. Why, however, did the playwright choose symbolism to convey the effects of sexual abuse – as heavy as its subject matter may be – during the late twentieth century when seemingly nothing is censored in America? In order to answer this and better understand the way in which Vogel uses symbolism –in the smaller elements of the play and extended metaphors – the terms must first be defined. Symbolism can be defined as â€Å"the representation of a reality on one level of reference by a corresponding reality on another† (â€Å"Symbolism† 564). The word symbol comes from the Greek word "symballein," which translates literally into â€Å"to throw together† and suggests the combining of two unrelated worlds. Much... .... Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2003. 1617-19. Houchin, John H. Censorship of the American Theatre in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 2003. â€Å"Metaphor.† Dictionary of World Literature: Criticism - Forms - Technique. Ed. Joseph T. Shipley. New York: Philosophical Library, 1943. 377-8. Pellegrini, Ann. â€Å"The Plays of Paula Vogel.† A Companion to Twentieth-Century American Drama. Ed. David Krasner. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005. 473-84. Redmond, James, ed. Drama and Symbolism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 1982. Vol. 4 of Themes in Drama. 1982-1986. 7-10, 37. Savran, David. â€Å"Paula Vogel.† The Playwright’s Voice. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1999. 267-88. â€Å"Symbolism.† Dictionary of World Literature: Criticism - Forms - Technique. Ed. Joseph T. Shipley. New York: Philosophical Library, 1943. 564-9. Symbolism in How I Learned to Drive by Paula Vogel Essay -- How Learne Paula Vogel’s play, How I Learned to Drive, artistically tackles the disturbing issue of incestual pedophilia. The play’s protagonist Li’l Bit narrates the action as she goes through her memory of specific events. Much like stream of consciousness, her narration does not lead chronologically to scenes in her past. Rather it jumps back and forth between the present and different points in her life. She tells of her memories of youth and her sexual and emotional relationship with her Uncle Peck. Rather than simply telling about her experiences, though, Li’l Bit shares her memories through vignettes which show the audience her role in the affair within the context of learning to drive (Greene 425). Vogel’s writing exudes symbolism from the first word of the script to the last – from the rise of the curtain to its close. The glimpses into Li’l Bit’s past are sometimes explicitly and literally described, but Vogel also often uses extended metaphors to act as a detailed commentary on the action. Why, however, did the playwright choose symbolism to convey the effects of sexual abuse – as heavy as its subject matter may be – during the late twentieth century when seemingly nothing is censored in America? In order to answer this and better understand the way in which Vogel uses symbolism –in the smaller elements of the play and extended metaphors – the terms must first be defined. Symbolism can be defined as â€Å"the representation of a reality on one level of reference by a corresponding reality on another† (â€Å"Symbolism† 564). The word symbol comes from the Greek word "symballein," which translates literally into â€Å"to throw together† and suggests the combining of two unrelated worlds. Much... .... Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2003. 1617-19. Houchin, John H. Censorship of the American Theatre in the Twentieth Century. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 2003. â€Å"Metaphor.† Dictionary of World Literature: Criticism - Forms - Technique. Ed. Joseph T. Shipley. New York: Philosophical Library, 1943. 377-8. Pellegrini, Ann. â€Å"The Plays of Paula Vogel.† A Companion to Twentieth-Century American Drama. Ed. David Krasner. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2005. 473-84. Redmond, James, ed. Drama and Symbolism. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge UP, 1982. Vol. 4 of Themes in Drama. 1982-1986. 7-10, 37. Savran, David. â€Å"Paula Vogel.† The Playwright’s Voice. New York: Theatre Communications Group, 1999. 267-88. â€Å"Symbolism.† Dictionary of World Literature: Criticism - Forms - Technique. Ed. Joseph T. Shipley. New York: Philosophical Library, 1943. 564-9.

The Calling Of Isaiah Essay -- essays research papers

The Calling of the Prophet Isaiah, Chapter 6:1-13   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The prophet Isaiah lived during a very troublesome era during the years 742-701B.C.E. He preached during the reigns of four kings of Judah: Uzziah (783-742), Jotham (742-735), Ahaz (735-715), and Hezekiah (715-687). Judah faced many challenges and crises throughout those years primarily at the hands of the Assyrian Empire. Isaih interpreted the events as part of the Lord's will, and he encourages the people to trust in the Lord rather than relying on political alliances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Isaiah is thought to be one of the greatest poets of the Bible, and his book a classic of the Hebrew language. His writing has a very concise style, effective imagery, and an equilibrium between form and content which classify the type of poetry as classical. From the theological aspect, Isaiah moves in the religious tradition influenced by David's dynasty and the election of Sion, and also contributed to the shape and expression of the messianic hopes (Obstat, p.278).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The book Isaiah contains mostly oracles from various authors, however the authentic oracles of Isaiah are found in the first part of the book. Chapters 6-12 are considered the oldest collection in the book. It includes the account of the vocation and mission of the prophet, the oracles concerning the Syro-Ephraimite War, oracles referring to the crisis of 701B.C.E., and other salvation passages (Obstat, p.278).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Isaiah chapter 6 versus 1-13 stand apart from the rest of the Bible as a unique record of how God called on and reached out to a man, and in doing so a prophet was born. Interpreting this chapter is of vital importance for the understanding of Isaiah's teaching as a whole. In it he describes a real experience which effects him both psychologically and spiritually. Through the passage it can be perceived that his ministry was initiated by a soul shaking experience of the reality of God, and it's authenticity validated by it's results and influence on the prophet's life and work (Berrtrick, p 205).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One of the main purposes of any prophet's call narrative is to justify his right to speak in the name of God. Oftentimes a prophet's message isn't accepted of very popular with the people he is preaching to, and in the face of t... ...en to Judah and Jerusalem, which at the threat of judgment would suffer greatly. But Isaiah must have certainly seen the Northern Kingdom included as well. Verse twelve is thought to be an addition made by a later editor to show how the judgment would result in the deportation of many from the land. This situation could possible relate to after 721B.C.E. when many citizens of the Northern Kingdom were carried off to Assryia, or to Judah when many of its inhabitants were carried off to Babylon (Kaiser, p.78)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Book of Isaiah is a book full of oracles such as the one narrating Isaiah's calling to be a prophet for the Lord God. In accordance with his classical poetic style the passage is full of imagery and sensual descriptions. Concerned with the fall of the nation, Isaiah has God himself warning the people of what is to come for a stronger impact on the Israelites. As a man who lived through the reins of four kings whom throughout the book are of great importance, Isaiah sees God as a functioning king and ruler. Much of what is said and seen in Isaiah 6:1-13 relate to other events in the rest of the book and surely influence Isaiah's life completely.

Internship Sample Essay

I decided to do the internship for the BAS Supervision and Management program in my own employment site. Florida International University (FIU) is an American public research university in Greater Miami, Florida, in the United States, with its main campus in University Park in Miami-Dade County. It is classified as a research university with high research activity by the Carnegie Foundation and a first-tier research university by the Florida Legislature. Founded in 1965, FIU is the youngest university to be awarded a Phi Beta Kappa chapter by the Phi Beta Kappa Society, the country’s oldest academic honor society. FIU belongs to the 12-campus State University System of Florida and is one of Florida’s primary graduate research universities, awarding over 3,400 graduate and professional degrees annually. The university offers 191 programs of study with more than 280 majors in 23 colleges and schools. FIU offers many graduate programs, including architecture, business admi nistration, engineering, law, and medicine, offering 81 master’s degrees, 34 doctoral degrees, and 3 professional degrees. FIU is the largest university in South Florida, the 2nd-largest in Florida, and the 7th-largest in the United States. Total enrollment in 2012 was 50,394 students, including 14,177 graduate students, and 2,974 full-time faculty with over 180,000 alumni around the world. In 2012, FIU’s research expenditure was $104.6 million, with an endowment of $140 million. The university has an annual budget of $1.07 billion. 1.Managing Schedules a.Establishing consistency can be a challenge b.Challenges with staff that have same schedule c.Rotating schedules d.Accrued Time i.Making sure there is coverage ii.Vacation and Sick Time 2.HR Issues a.When to escalate a situation b.HR Department c.Department Head 3.Morale a.How to improve/maintain 4.Managing Projects a.Different than regular duties. They are usually a one-time or more strategic in nature. 5.Regular Duties a.Job description in daily tasks 6.Staff Meetings a.Consistent b.Solutions oriented 7.Staff Activities a.Lunches/Birthdays 8.Interviews a.Knowing how to ask the right question b.Reading resume c.Testing 9.Culture and how it affects management styles and employees 10.Follow Up a.Importance of following up with the staff 11.Top down management a.Impact from the top 12.Professional development for staff a.Giving them the opportunity 13.Policies a.Reading, learning, knowing where to find them 14.Managing your Supervisor a.Characters b.Patience c.Support 15.You are a reflection of your staff As per a discussion with my supervisor, I will be following instructions and helping her in the performance of all those tasks.

Airline Industry

The absorbtion of a company is often a difficult task. Critical issues to consider, include organizational culture, technology, socio-culture, brand equity, and profitability of the firm. Organizational culture is the most important issue to consider when acquiring another company. While some cultures differ from others, that doesn’t necessarily make them weak cultures. Key questions to ask are; how well will the companies cultures mix with each other? If changes to either culture occur, what implications does this have on productivity and efficiency?Technology is and has been a key part of business and will continue to be. Technology increases productivity, efficiency, and in many times lowers the cost of making products. When looking to acquire another company one must compare the technology of that company to its industry. How much will a company have to invest in a company to get the technology updated and personnel trained on those machines? How much would the company gai n by implementing this new technology? Socio-cultural factors are a mindset of customers and they play a major role in whether or not a customer purchases a product and how much of it they will purchase.Grapefruit, for example, was a very popular item during the craze of the Hollywood Diet. Carbohydrates were in low demand when the Adkins Diet was trendy, and now it’s no transaturated fats that are becoming the next style of diet. Fast food companies had to change their menus to fit some of these trends due to their popularity! The lesson to take away from this is that a company needs to look into current as well as future trends that occur before making the decision to make an investment into an absorption.Brand equity is an essential part of acquiring a company. For example, a customer enters a pharmacy and sees both Tylenol and the generic brand of acetaminophen at the same price; the customer will most likely pick the Tylenol because it has proven itself to be a strong br and. The same can be said with companies in other industries. A company must research the customer’s perception of the products and service that the potentially acquired company offers in order to insure that they are making a good investment.Since the nature of business is to make profit, a shrewd to examination into the current profitability of the company being acquired as well as speculate future profitability is required. It’s also essential for a company to forecast the impacts that this merger will cause for their own company and determine if the results are desirable before the merger takes place. Part II. Barriers to entry—moderate: Sometimes a company will be able to enter the market but only for a short time; however this still causes competition and causes a reduction in fares.Part of what keeps barriers high are that airlines that are already in business there have planes already purchased as well as partnerships with other companies established. Th is leads to a potential entrant having diseconomies of scale. The two major things that deter customers from choosing a competitor are cost and past experience. These don’t contribute much to switching costs so when a new competitor enters the industry margins decrease even more. Since startup costs are so huge in the commercial airline industry, the threat of potential entrants is rather low.Rivalry among existing firms—high: Since JetBlue has entered the global market there are several more airlines worldwide that JetBlue has to compete with, as well as domestic and startup airlines to compete with. They must keep their prices/margins low not only to deter customers from other competitors but also to compete with close substitutes. There isn’t a firm that controls a large portion of the market so in turn companies receive low return due to competitive pricing structures. Finally there is very little differentiation in the airline industry.Services that JetBlue offers like free WiFi and XM radio are small things that help them differentiate their service for customers to buy. Threat of close substitutes—high: There are several substitutes to air travel, these being things like a car or a train. When going overseas there really isn’t a good substitute unless you are going on a cruise which in my opinion is an entirely different plan for travel. Sometimes if a group of people want to travel to the same place they will carpool for a cheaper rate, but this is getting less popular than it once was.In summary the shorter the distance, the more likely an airline is going to lose to close substitutes like a car or train. Bargaining power of suppliers—high: This is due to the fact that the suppliers are in an oligopoly. There isn’t much competition in the supplier market so those companies can keep their margins rather high. If a company decides to purchase a different brand of airliner then they would need to face trai ning and maintenance costs associated with buying that new brand. Now there are things like beer and peanuts, uniforms and the like.The airline industry has potentially high bargaining power against these suppliers but those items don’t affect the profit margin like equipment does. Bargaining power of buyers—low/moderate: The price of an airline ticket is set and doesn’t really change except over time through competition. Buyers get to use technology like the internet to compare prices of different competitors which lowers prices; however that only affects prices over time. Since there are many airlines to choose from as well as low switching costs buyers enjoy a moderate amount of bargaining power.However, with few exceptions like companies that use economies of scale to negotiate rates for you there is very little a buyer can do to bargain with an airline immediately. Overall competition in airline industry is very intense. There are several competitors in the airline industry, and since the industry is low growth competitors try to differentiate their service to get people to switch to them. In poor economic times people look for lower cost alternatives and airfare is no different—people will look for lower cost means of transportation. Airliners also face an overall moderate bargaining power which limits their profit margins. Airline industry This is considerably larger than some 620 countries, estimated similarly to the same size as Switzerland. (ATAG, 2012). It is orecast that by 2026, the industry will contribute $1 trillion to world GDP (ATAG, 2012). Despite the fact there is over 2000 airlines, each airline generally relies upon either one of the two-airline manufactures. These are Boeing or Airbus, both that are extremely wealthy companies. Boeing & Airbus are extremely competitive against each other and often have court disputes against each other.The most recent dispute was dated in May 2011, where both companies claimed victory after the World Trade Organisation overturned the ruling in which saw Airbus receive billions of Euros in illegal subsidies. BBC News, 2011). The US complained to the WTO as they thought the $18 billion subsidiary was deemed to 'cause serious prejudice' to US interests (BBC News, 2011). Growth Rate The Airline Industry woes are expected to continue, with humble profits produced mainly by l imiting capacity.Both Boeing & Airbus already have a backlog of orders due to carriers deferring their orders due to the poor growth in clientele and falling flight prices. (The Economist, 2012). Other factors that are damaging the threat of growth in the Airline industry are the threat of terrorism & increase in fuel prices. Are these factors putting people off? In 2009, there was an immediate decline in air travel by 30% (ehow) after the attack on the twin towers. The drastic decline maybe explained by the fact many feared there could be another terrorist attack in the nearby future.Rising fuel prices in 2012 are set to have an enormous impact on the industry and set to shrink profit margins awfully tight. The industrys global trade body nas warned that annual profits nave been cut by $500m (Financial Times). Due to the Increase in fuel prices, many airlines have decided to provide the A380 aircraft, hich carries roughly 500 people depending on the configuration. This has helped a chieve economies of scale for many companies. Market Share The Airline Industry is incredibly competitive and diverse globally so it is difficult to summarise market share of companies.However, because of this reason returns are usually lower than expected. This can result in difficultly at times of economic recession. The supply in airline industry is very limited and dominated by Boeing & Airbus, which means there is very little aggressive competition. It is very unlikely to ee a supplier vertically integrated. This means it is highly unlikely that Boeing or Airbus would start offering flight services. The bargaining power of airline companies is surprisingly very low.

Technology stack Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Technology stack - Case Study Example It includes layers of components or services which are used for providing software solutions. Technology stack is also articulated as a list of technologies and programming languages for instance ‘Java’, ‘C++’ and ‘SQL Server’ among other programs. It is considered to be the base for developing any kind of application. The report is based on technology stack of a popular web application named Twitter. The objective of the report is to understand the use of technologies towards developing Twitter. The report also aims at understanding the hindrances that twitter witnessed owing to the usage or application of such a technology. Furthermore, the report also describes the future of Twitter as a web application. History of Twitter Twitter is a web application which facilitates people to communicate by using text, graphics and other formats. It was developed in the year 2006 and soon achieved huge admiration by people internationally, as several users joined the application to share information. The core of Twitter’s business is free ‘Application Programming Interface’ (APIs) for every task undertaken by a user on the portal. The idea of Twitter web application was first initiated during a hack project in an organization named ODEO. Over years, the organization attempted to make the aspect of sharing information easier for people. Consequently, the engineers began prototyping programs for better information sharing which turned into Twitter in the later days. Ruby on Rails is identified to be the technological stack of Twitter. Twitter uses Rails application with lots of Ruby programming, performing asynchronous functions in the back-end design (Makice, 2009). Where the Application Fits In Relation to Similar Applications Apart from Twitter, Ruby on Rails also fits in several web applications such as Groupon, Shopify and Yellow Pages among other websites. Several fastest web oriented organizations are applyin g Ruby on Rails structure with high number of readers and subscribers. Ruby on Rails is considered as the most dynamic way to construct a web application. Where other custom applications can be quite expensive to develop, Ruby on Rails makes the application development quite cost-effective for organizations which do not desire to take risk by spending money on technological experimentation (Hansson, n.d). The Technology on which Twitter is Built Twitter is built on Ruby on Rails structure. It is known to be a full-stack internet application which helped in forming Twitter. Ruby is generally referred as a programming language and Rails is a kind of technological framework. Together Ruby and Rails provides required tools and components which are essential to form powerful application in an instinctual environment. Ruby on Rails helps in ensuring the aspect of website development to be increasingly effectual and less troublesome. As it is a full-stack internet application, Ruby on Rail s helped Twitter to encompass both areas i.e. ‘front-end’ and ‘back-end’ design (Slater, 2008). In the recent days, Twitter has been learnt to have shifted its ‘front-end’ search function from Ruby and Rails to a Java application named ‘Blender’. This shift was inspired owing to the benefits of Java. Java is believed to provide high level of performance and enhanced scalability. Furthermore, it was also determined by the wish for better encapsulation of different services and other architectural aspects. Blender is a HTTP service developed on ‘Netty’, a high accessible client server transcribed by Java language, which

HD-DVD vs. BLU-RAY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

HD-DVD vs. BLU-RAY - Essay Example Weaknesses are happening on a couple of fronts. On the content development front, the DVD authoring front, we continue to see extreme price pressure in authoring services. The price of DVD authoring software has come down. The fact that more and more people are doing it puts incredible pressure on the production community to develop a quality product that is certifiable over all of the various players, delivers the same experience to the customer, and builds and maintains margins in their production services. (Sweeting, 2004, p7-46) On the other side, when we look at the next generation high definition DVD disc, which will certainly be all the rage in 2006, a weakness there is how soon the consumer will embrace this technology, particularly if there are two formats. As we all know, DVD was the most successful consumer product ever launched, but if you look at it now, most people have DVD players and are very content with the experience that they get in watching DVDs in their home. How quickly will they want to purchase a more expensive DVD player to play high definition material is something everyone is grappling with right now. (Capps, 2005) It is likely that moving forward the next wave [of opportunity] will fall to special interest categories and even corporate video--outreach and recruiting applications. Certainly, the opportunities for DVD in 2006 are tremendous. Beyond the applications in the corporate, marketing and outreach programs, we'll see special niche DVDs having greater acceptance. Then, of course, we have the whole next-generation issue, which hopefully will come to the forefront in 2006. The threat, especially for high definition, will definitely be how quickly the consumer will embrace that technology, particularly if there are two competing formats. You'll also have, on another front, a continuing piracy concern. That will bring pressure on studios and on the production community to figure out ways to safeguard the transmission of the information and the actual content on the DVD. We will see more movies being released more quickly to DVD. We will see the continued growth of TV programming and music on DVD, We will see the emerging market of 'special interest' DVDs [from educational, travel, marketing, outreach, recruiting, etc.]. And of course we will see the next generation of DVDs, in high definition.Blu Ray will win the high definition DVD arms race, but my guess is that it will take some time for the 75 percent of households who already own a standard definition DVD player to slowly warm up to parting with the cash to upgrade. In all likelihood the adoption wi ll be much slower than standard DVD. The entire industry is holding off until March to launch both formats [DVD HD and Blu Ray]. So we won't be able to see until March of this year how well the fall of this year will be. Also, how fast will HD disc formats be adopted by consumers It took four years for consumers to adopt DVD; will it take six years to get them over to HD We don't really know. (Laser Focus World, 2004. p11-11) A cross-industry debate over the next-generation high-definition optical-disk format turned uglier after Microsoft and Intel publicly backed the HD-DVD standard over its Blu-ray rival. Moving beyond the turf war talk of whether PCs or consumer electronics will rule the digital living room, the HD-DVD vs. Blu-ray battle